Captain Robert Falcon Scott

Throughout this year, we’re marking the birthdays of some of the men who have been part of Discovery’s astonishing 120+ year history. The 6th June comes as a big celebration each year aboard RRS Discovery, as it marks the birthday of her very first Commander; Robert Falcon Scott.

Robert Falcon Scott was born on June 6, 1868, in Devon, England. He was the third of six children in a family with a naval background. At the age of just 13, Scott embarked on his naval career by enlisting in the Royal Navy as a cadet, laying the foundation for his lifelong dedication to maritime service. 

His training began aboard the naval training ship HMS Britannia, where he honed the skills and discipline essential for his future endeavours. 

Scott’s promotion to midshipman in 1883 signified his advancement within the naval hierarchy and his unwavering commitment to a naval profession. 

By 1889, having excelled in his examinations, Scott rose to the rank of Lieutenant, enabling him to assume greater responsibilities in the Royal Navy. Scott’s interest in Antarctic exploration was sparked in the late 1890s, influenced in part by the mounting public and scientific fascination with the unexplored icy plains. 

In 1899, Scott was selected to lead the British National Antarctic Expedition, a pivotal moment that positioned him as a key figure in polar exploration. 

The Expedition utilised the specially designed wooden sailing ship  S.Y Discovery, equipped with auxiliary steam engines to withstand the harsh Antarctic conditions and support scientific research. 

The Discovery crew prepared meticulously for a royal visit by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1901, showcasing Captain Scott’s leadership and attention to detail.  

Scott’s concern for his team extended to their families, as seen in Lady Markham’s support. The crew’s excitement in encountering Antarctic wildlife reflected Scott’s influence.  

Establishing a base at McMurdo Sound, Scott’s team spent the winter of 1902 conducting extensive scientific research, contributing significantly to the understanding of the Antarctic environment. 

In November 1902, Scott led a sledge journey south with Wilson and Shackleton, setting a new Farthest South record at 82°17’S on December 30, 1902; highlighting their determination and resilience in the face of extreme conditions. 

The Expedition members faced health issues like scurvy and snow blindness, underscoring the challenges of polar exploration and the importance of adequate preparation and nutrition.

Whilst the Expedition progressed, Scott integrated scientific work into daily activities, fostering unity and exploration. Celebrations and communal activities boosted morale, while the Commander’s adventurous spirit was evident in his balloon ascent of 1902, demonstrating bravery and humility.

Spending another winter at McMurdo Sound in 1903, the expedition continued scientific work and prepared for departure, aided by relief ships Morning and Terra Nova in early 1904.

Finally freed from the ice in February 1904, the Discovery began its return journey to the UK, bringing back a wealth of scientific data and experiences.

The Discovery Expedition, led by Scott, was successful in producing comprehensive scientific and geographical surveys. It helped locate the South Magnetic Pole and it opened the door to a century of British scientific research. 

Upon their return, Scott and his team were hailed, with Scott’s promotion to captain in 1904 recognising his significant contributions to science and exploration. 

On September 2, 1908, Scott married Kathleen Bruce, a sculptor with whom he shared a passion for adventure and exploration. 

Their son, Peter Markham Scott (born on September 14, 1909) later gained renown as an ornithologist, conservationist, and the founder of the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust. 

In 1909, Scott initiated planning for his second Antarctic Expedition – once again aboard a Dundee-built vessel – the Terra Nova Expedition, with the goal of reaching the South Pole and conducting further scientific research. 

Setting sail from Cardiff on June 15, 1910, the Terra Nova Expedition faced challenges including funding issues and logistical complexities inherent in Polar exploration.